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Marcus & Millichap, Inc. Reports Results for Third Quarter 2025

Revenue growth of 15.1% in the Third Quarter 2025 compared to Third Quarter 2024

Earnings per common share, diluted, of $0.01, includes $0.08 loss per common share accrual for litigation

Marcus & Millichap, Inc. (the “Company”, “Marcus & Millichap”, or “MMI”) (NYSE: MMI), a leading national real estate services firm specializing in commercial real estate investment sales, financing, research and advisory services, reported its third quarter financial results today.

Third Quarter 2025 Highlights Compared to Third Quarter 2024

  • Total revenue of $193.9 million, an increase of 15.1% compared to $168.5 million
    • Brokerage commissions of $162.2 million, an increase of 14.2% compared to $142.0 million
    • Private Client Market brokerage revenue of $102.3 million, an increase of 16.9% compared to $87.5 million
    • Middle Market and Larger Transaction Market brokerage revenue of $52.5 million, an increase of 6.5% compared to $49.3 million
    • Financing fees of $26.3 million, an increase of 27.7% compared to $20.6 million
  • Net income of $0.2 million, or $0.01 per common share, diluted, compared to net loss of $5.4 million, or $0.14 per common share, diluted
  • Earnings per common share, diluted, of $0.01 includes $0.08 loss per common share accrual for litigation
  • Adjusted EBITDA1 of $6.9 million, compared to approximately breakeven

Nine Months 2025 Highlights Compared to Nine Months 2024

  • Total revenue of $511.2 million, an increase of 12.1% compared to $456.0 million
    • Brokerage commissions of $427.2 million, an increase of 10.4% compared to $386.9 million
    • Private Client Market brokerage revenue of $273.5 million, an increase of 11.4% compared to $245.5 million
    • Middle Market and Larger Transaction Market brokerage revenue of $135.6 million, an increase of 7.6% compared to $126.1 million
    • Financing fees of $70.7 million, an increase of 32.6% compared to $53.3 million
  • Net loss of $15.2 million, or $0.39 per common share, diluted, compared to net loss of $20.9 million, or $0.54 per common share, diluted
  • Adjusted EBITDA1 of $(0.4) million, compared to $(8.7) million

“We delivered solid third quarter results that reflect our strength in navigating ongoing market complexities,” said Hessam Nadji, President and Chief Executive Officer of Marcus & Millichap. “Our fifth consecutive quarter of year-over-year revenue growth was driven by expanded client outreach, leading research content and gradually improving bid/ask spreads. MMI’s private client business showed particular strength in both sales and financing as banks and credit unions continued to expand lending. At the same time, the company’s expansion into larger transactions remains on track despite tough year-over-year comparisons driven by outsized revenue growth in the segment last year.”

Mr. Nadji continued, “We are encouraged by our strong pipeline, improved hiring and the company’s near record exclusive inventory levels. Although the 10-year Treasury yield has not been as responsive to the Fed’s recent rate cut compared to a year ago, the more accommodative stance supports further improvement in trading volumes. We remain focused on productivity growth through technology and AI investments, strategic acquisitions and growing the MMI brand to drive long-term value for our clients and shareholders.”

____________________

1 Please refer to the reconciliation of GAAP measures to non-GAAP measures at the end of this release for more information.

Third Quarter 2025 Results Compared to Third Quarter 2024

Total revenue for the third quarter 2025 was $193.9 million, an increase of 15.1%, compared to $168.5 million for the same period in the prior year.

For real estate brokerage commissions, revenue was $162.2 million, an increase of 14.2%, compared to the same period in the prior year. The increase was primarily attributed to a 19.2% increase in the total number of transactions and a 28 basis point increase in the average commission rate earned, partially offset by a 2.0% decrease in total sales volume compared to the third quarter 2024. The increase in the average commission rate was due to the revenue shift from the Middle Market and Larger Transaction Market to the Private Client Market, which generally earns higher commission. The Private Client Market revenue increased by 16.9%, while the combined Middle Market and Larger Transaction Market revenue increased by 6.5%.

For financing fees, revenue was $26.3 million, an increase of 27.7%, compared to the same period in the prior year. The increase was primarily attributed to a 34.4% increase in total financing volume, partially offset by a four basis point decrease in the average fee rate earned compared to the third quarter 2024.

Total operating expenses for the third quarter 2025 were $196.3 million, compared to $180.0 million for the same period in the prior year. The change was primarily due to an increase of $16.2 million in cost of services. Cost of services as a percentage of total revenue increased by 20 basis points to 62.4% compared to the same period during prior year.

Selling, general and administrative expenses for the third quarter 2025 were $72.5 million, compared to $70.7 million for the same period in the prior year. The increase was primarily due to a $4.0 million accrual related to an ongoing litigation matter, partially offset by a decrease in compensation related costs.

Net income for the third quarter 2025 was $0.2 million, or $0.01 per common share, diluted, compared to a net loss of $5.4 million, or $0.14 per common share, diluted, for the same period in the prior year. Earnings per common share, diluted, includes $0.08 loss per common share accrual for litigation. Adjusted EBITDA increased by $6.9 million from approximately breakeven, primarily as a result of the increase in operating income.

Nine Months 2025 Results Compared to Nine Months 2024

Total revenues for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 were $511.2 million, compared to $456.0 million for the same period in the prior year, an increase of $55.2 million, or 12.1%. Total operating expenses for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 increased by 9.0% to $540.3 million compared to $495.6 million for the same period in the prior year. Cost of services as a percentage of total revenues increased to 61.8%, up 50 basis points compared to the first nine months of 2024. The Company’s net loss for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 was $15.2 million, or $0.39 per common share, diluted, compared to $20.9 million, or $0.54 per common share, diluted for the same period in the prior year. Adjusted EBITDA for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 was $(0.4) million compared to $(8.7) million for the same period in the prior year. As of September 30, 2025, the Company had 1,669 investment sales and financing professionals, compared to 1,678 at the end of the same period last year.

Capital Allocation

On July 31, 2025, the Board of Directors declared a semi-annual regular dividend of $0.25 per share, which was paid on October 6, 2025, to stockholders of record at the close of business on September 15, 2025.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2025, the Company repurchased 264,554 shares of common stock at an average price of $30.33 per share for a total price of $8.0 million. Since August 2022, the Company has repurchased 2,405,976 shares of common stock at an average price of $32.03 per share for a total price of $77.1 million.

After accounting for shares repurchased through November 4, 2025, Marcus & Millichap has approximately $59.0 million available to repurchase shares under its share repurchase program. No time limit has been established for the completion of the share repurchase program, and the repurchases are expected to be executed from time-to-time, through open market purchases or privately negotiated transactions, including through Rule 10b5-1 plans, subject to general business and market conditions and other investment opportunities.

Business Outlook

Notwithstanding the ongoing price discovery and wider than normal bid/ask spreads, the Company believes the commercial real estate transaction market is poised to overcome the near-term challenges which are currently expected to extend through 2025. Accordingly, the Company believes it remains well-positioned to return to long-term growth.

The Company benefits from its experienced management team, infrastructure investments, industry-leading market research and proprietary technology. The size and fragmentation of the Private Client Market continues to offer long-term growth opportunities through consolidation. This highly fragmented market segment consistently accounts for over 80% of all U.S. commercial property transactions and over 60% of the commission pool. The top 10 brokerage firms led by MMI had an estimated 19% share of this segment by transaction count in 2024.

Key factors that may influence the Company’s business during the remainder of 2025 include:

  • Volatility in transactional activity and investor sentiment driven by:
    • The still potentially volatile cost of debt capital
    • Interest rate uncertainty, the potential for rising inflation and the heightened bid-ask spread between buyers and sellers
    • Risks of a potential recession and its unfavorable impact to commercial real estate space demand
    • Possible impact to market sentiment related to the U.S. administration’s tariff, immigration and other policy changes which may influence transaction velocity and/or future fluctuations in interest rates, sales and financing activity
    • Increases in operating expenses driven by labor costs, insurance, taxes and cost of construction materials
  • The implementation of new tax laws, many of which are beneficial to commercial real estate investors
  • Volatility in the markets in which the Company operates
  • Increases in costs related to in-person events, client meetings, and conferences
  • Global geopolitical uncertainty, which may cause investors to refrain from transacting
  • The potential for acquisition activity and subsequent integration

Webcast and Call Information

Marcus & Millichap will host a live webcast today to discuss the financial results at 7:30 a.m. Pacific Time/10:30 a.m. Eastern Time. The webcast will be accessible through the Investor Relations section of Marcus & Millichap's website at ir.marcusmillichap.com and will be archived upon completion of the call. The Company encourages the use of the webcast due to potential extended wait times to access the conference call via dial-in.

For those unable to access the webcast, callers from the United States and Canada should dial 1-877-407-9208 ten minutes prior to the scheduled call time. International callers should dial 1-201-493-6784.

Replay Information

For those unable to participate during the live broadcast, a telephonic replay of the call will also be available from 1:30 p.m. Eastern Time on Friday, November 7, 2025 through 11:59 p.m. Eastern Time on Friday, November 21, 2025 by dialing 1-844-512-2921 in the United States and Canada or 1-412-317-6671 internationally and entering passcode 13755737.

About Marcus & Millichap, Inc.

Marcus & Millichap, Inc. is a leading national real estate services firm specializing in commercial real estate investment sales, financing services, research and advisory services. As of December 31, 2024, the Company had 1,712 investment sales and financing professionals in more than 80 offices who provide investment brokerage and financing services to sellers and buyers of commercial real estate. The Company also offers market research, consulting and advisory services to its clients. Marcus & Millichap, Inc. closed 7,836 transactions in 2024, with a sales volume of $49.6 billion. For additional information, please visit www.MarcusMillichap.com.

SPECIAL NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This release includes forward-looking statements, including our expectations regarding the long-term outlook of the commercial real estate transaction market, and our positioning within it, our belief relating to the Company’s long-term growth, our assessment of the key factors influencing the Company’s business outlook, including the expectation for future interest rate cuts or rising inflation and likely impact of such cuts or inflation on commercial real estate demand, and the execution of our capital return program, including a semi-annual dividend and stock repurchase program. We have based these forward-looking statements largely on our current expectations and projections about future events and financial trends affecting the financial condition of our business. Forward-looking statements should not be read as a guarantee of future performance or results and will not necessarily be accurate indications of the times at, or by, which such performance or results may be achieved. Forward-looking statements are based on information available at the time those statements are made and/or management’s good faith belief as of that time with respect to future events and are subject to risks and uncertainties that could cause actual performance or results to differ materially from those expressed in or suggested by the forward-looking statements. Important factors that could cause such differences include, but are not limited to:

  • general uncertainty in the capital markets, a worsening of economic conditions, and the rate and pace of economic recovery following an economic downturn;
  • changes in our business operations;
  • market trends in the commercial real estate market or the general economy, including the impact of inflation and changes to interest rates;
  • our ability to attract and retain qualified senior executives, managers, and investment sales and financing professionals;
  • the impact of forgivable loans and related expense resulting from the recruitment and retention of agents;
  • the effects of increased competition on our business;
  • our ability to successfully enter new markets or increase our market share;
  • our ability to successfully expand our services and businesses and to manage any such expansions;
  • our ability to retain existing clients and develop new clients;
  • our ability to keep pace with changes in technology;
  • any business interruption or technology failure, including cybersecurity risks and ransomware attacks, and any related impact on our reputation;
  • changes in interest rates, availability of capital, tax laws, tariffs and trade regulations, executive orders, employment laws, or other government regulation affecting our business;
  • the impact of litigation and our success in appealing any judgments entered against us;
  • our ability to successfully identify, negotiate, execute, and integrate accretive acquisitions; and
  • other risk factors included under “Risk Factors” in our most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K.

In addition, in this release, the words “believe,” “may,” “will,” “estimate,” “continue,” “anticipate,” “intend,” “goal,” “expect,” “predict,” “potential,” “should,” and similar expressions, as they relate to our Company, our business and our management, are intended to identify forward-looking statements. In light of these risks and uncertainties, the forward-looking events and circumstances discussed in this release may not occur and actual results could differ materially from those anticipated or implied in the forward-looking statements.

Forward-looking statements speak only as of the date of this release. You should not put undue reliance on any forward-looking statements. We assume no obligation to update forward-looking statements to reflect actual results, changes in assumptions or changes in other factors affecting forward-looking information, except to the extent required by applicable laws. If we update one or more forward-looking statements, no inference should be drawn that we will make additional updates with respect to those or other forward-looking statements. We have not filed our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (“Form 10-Q”) for the quarter ended September 30, 2025. As a result, all financial results described in this release should be considered preliminary, and are subject to change to reflect any necessary adjustments or changes in accounting estimates, that are identified prior to the time we file our Form 10-Q.

MARCUS & MILLICHAP, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

(in thousands, except per share amounts)

(Unaudited)

 

 

Three Months Ended

September 30,

 

Nine Months Ended

September 30,

 

 

2025

 

 

 

2024

 

 

 

2025

 

 

 

2024

 

Revenue:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Real estate brokerage commissions

$

162,166

 

 

$

141,970

 

 

$

427,205

 

 

$

386,868

 

Financing fees

 

26,292

 

 

 

20,582

 

 

 

70,681

 

 

 

53,303

 

Other revenue

 

5,434

 

 

 

5,959

 

 

 

13,320

 

 

 

15,811

 

Total revenue

 

193,892

 

 

 

168,511

 

 

 

511,206

 

 

 

455,982

 

Operating expenses:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Cost of services

 

120,996

 

 

 

104,754

 

 

 

315,962

 

 

 

279,703

 

Selling, general and administrative

 

72,527

 

 

 

70,672

 

 

 

215,629

 

 

 

204,591

 

Depreciation and amortization

 

2,743

 

 

 

4,550

 

 

 

8,745

 

 

 

11,301

 

Total operating expenses

 

196,266

 

 

 

179,976

 

 

 

540,336

 

 

 

495,595

 

Operating loss

 

(2,374

)

 

 

(11,465

)

 

 

(29,130

)

 

 

(39,613

)

Other income, net

 

4,041

 

 

 

5,321

 

 

 

13,518

 

 

 

15,701

 

Interest expense

 

(197

)

 

 

(208

)

 

 

(584

)

 

 

(611

)

Income (loss) before provision (benefit) for income taxes

 

1,470

 

 

 

(6,352

)

 

 

(16,196

)

 

 

(24,523

)

Provision (benefit) for income taxes

 

1,230

 

 

 

(967

)

 

 

(979

)

 

 

(3,613

)

Net income (loss)

$

240

 

 

$

(5,385

)

 

$

(15,217

)

 

$

(20,910

)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Earnings (loss) per share:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Basic

$

0.01

 

 

$

(0.14

)

 

$

(0.39

)

 

$

(0.54

)

Diluted

$

0.01

 

 

$

(0.14

)

 

$

(0.39

)

 

$

(0.54

)

Weighted average common shares outstanding:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Basic

 

39,013

 

 

 

38,762

 

 

 

38,982

 

 

 

38,629

 

Diluted

 

39,175

 

 

 

38,762

 

 

 

38,982

 

 

 

38,629

 

MARCUS & MILLICHAP, INC.

KEY OPERATING METRICS SUMMARY

(Unaudited)

Total sales volume was approximately $12.2 billion for the three months ended September 30, 2025, encompassing 2,289 transactions consisting of $8.3 billion for real estate brokerage (1,586 transactions), $2.9 billion for financing (406 transactions) and $1.0 billion in other transactions, including consulting and advisory services (297 transactions). Total sales volume was approximately $33.9 billion for the nine months ended September 30, 2025, encompassing 6,065 transactions consisting of $23.0 billion for real estate brokerage (4,136 transactions), $8.2 billion for financing (1,152 transactions) and $2.7 billion in other transactions, including consulting and advisory services (777 transactions). As of September 30, 2025, the Company had 1,569 investment sales professionals and 100 financing professionals. Key metrics for real estate brokerage and financing activities (excluding other transactions) are as follows:

 

Three Months Ended

September 30,

 

Nine Months Ended

September 30,

Real Estate Brokerage

 

2025

 

 

 

2024

 

 

 

2025

 

 

 

2024

 

Average Number of Investment Sales Professionals

 

1,554

 

 

 

1,589

 

 

 

1,558

 

 

 

1,616

 

Average Number of Transactions per Investment

 

 

 

Sales Professional

 

1.02

 

 

0.84

 

 

2.65

 

 

2.29

 

Average Commission per Transaction

$

102,248

 

 

$

106,664

 

 

$

103,289

 

 

$

104,418

 

Average Commission Rate

 

1.94

%

 

 

1.66

%

 

 

1.85

%

 

 

1.81

%

Average Transaction Size (in thousands)

$

5,270

 

 

$

6,407

 

 

$

5,569

 

 

$

5,764

 

Total Number of Transactions

 

1,586

 

 

 

1,331

 

 

 

4,136

 

 

 

3,705

 

Total Sales Volume (in millions)

$

8,358

 

 

$

8,527

 

 

$

23,033

 

 

$

21,357

 

 

Three Months Ended

September 30,

 

Nine Months Ended

September 30,

Financing (1)

 

2025

 

 

 

2024

 

 

 

2025

 

 

 

2024

 

Average Number of Financing Professionals

 

101

 

 

 

103

 

 

 

101

 

 

 

101

 

Average Number of Transactions per Financing

 

 

 

Professional

 

4.02

 

 

3.09

 

 

11.41

 

 

8.16

 

Average Fee per Transaction

$

50,246

 

 

$

50,351

 

 

$

49,176

 

 

$

49,725

 

Average Fee Rate

 

0.71

%

 

 

0.75

%

 

 

0.69

%

 

 

0.73

%

Average Transaction Size (in thousands)

$

7,065

 

 

$

6,712

 

 

$

7,108

 

 

$

6,818

 

Total Number of Transactions

 

406

 

 

 

318

 

 

 

1,152

 

 

 

824

 

Total Financing Volume (in millions)

$

2,868

 

 

$

2,134

 

 

$

8,188

 

 

$

5,618

 

(1)

 

Operating metrics exclude certain financing fees not directly associated with transactions.

The following table sets forth the number of transactions, sales volume and revenue by commercial real estate market segment for real estate brokerage:

 

Three Months Ended September 30,

 

 

 

2025

 

2024

 

Change

Real Estate Brokerage

Number

 

Volume

 

Revenue

 

Number

 

Volume

 

Revenue

 

Number

 

Volume

 

Revenue

 

 

 

(in millions)

 

(in thousands)

 

 

 

(in millions)

 

(in thousands)

 

 

 

(in millions)

 

(in thousands)

<$1 million

244

 

$

151

 

$

7,356

 

203

 

$

109

 

$

5,183

 

41

 

 

$

42

 

 

$

2,173

 

Private Client Market

($1 – <$10 million)

1,164

 

 

3,758

 

 

102,323

 

957

 

 

3,037

 

 

87,494

 

207

 

 

 

721

 

 

 

14,829

 

Middle Market

($10 – <$20 million)

106

 

 

1,405

 

 

26,139

 

88

 

 

1,229

 

 

19,402

 

18

 

 

 

176

 

 

 

6,737

 

Larger Transaction

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Market (≥$20 million)

72

 

3,044

 

26,348

83

 

4,152

 

29,891

(11

)

 

(1,108

)

 

(3,543

)

 

1,586

 

$

8,358

 

$

162,166

 

1,331

 

$

8,527

 

$

141,970

 

255

 

 

$

(169

)

 

$

20,196

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Nine Months Ended September 30,

 

 

 

2025

 

2024

 

Change

Real Estate Brokerage

Number

 

Volume

 

Revenue

 

Number

 

Volume

 

Revenue

 

Number

 

Volume

 

Revenue

 

 

 

(in millions)

 

(in thousands)

 

 

 

(in millions)

 

(in thousands)

 

 

 

(in millions)

 

(in thousands)

<$1 million

657

 

$

396

 

$

18,032

 

596

 

$

328

 

$

15,299

 

61

 

 

$

68

 

 

$

2,733

 

Private Client Market

($1 – <$10 million)

3,026

 

 

9,791

 

 

273,542

 

2,687

 

 

8,526

 

 

245,473

 

339

 

 

 

1,265

 

 

 

28,069

 

Middle Market

($10 – <$20 million)

262

 

 

3,540

 

 

66,251

 

226

 

 

3,113

 

 

53,630

 

36

 

 

 

427

 

 

 

12,621

 

Larger Transaction

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Market (≥$20 million)

191

 

9,306

 

69,380

196

 

9,390

 

72,466

(5

)

 

(84

)

 

(3,086

)

 

4,136

 

$

23,033

 

$

427,205

 

3,705

 

$

21,357

 

$

386,868

 

431

 

 

$

1,676

 

 

$

40,337

 

MARCUS & MILLICHAP, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(in thousands, except for shares and par value)

 

 

September 30, 2025

(unaudited)

 

December 31,

2024

Assets

 

 

 

Current assets:

 

 

 

Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash (restricted cash of $11,036 and $10,678 at

 

September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively)

$

117,360

$

153,445

 

Commissions receivable

 

17,931

 

 

18,804

 

Prepaid expenses

 

8,871

 

 

9,311

 

Income tax receivable

 

6,371

 

 

6,030

 

Marketable debt securities, available-for-sale (amortized cost of $129,413 and $189,667

 

at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively, and $0 allowance for

credit losses)

 

129,420

 

189,667

 

Advances and loans, net

 

12,405

 

 

17,519

 

Other assets, current

 

17,449

 

 

15,543

 

Total current assets

 

309,807

 

 

410,319

 

Property and equipment, net

 

24,487

 

 

26,139

 

Operating lease right-of-use assets, net

 

75,257

 

 

81,120

 

Marketable debt securities, available-for-sale (amortized cost of $134,567 and $52,366 at

 

September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively, and $0 allowance for credit

losses)

 

134,719

 

51,147

 

Assets held in rabbi trust

 

13,266

 

 

12,191

 

Deferred tax assets, net

 

48,711

 

 

48,080

 

Goodwill and other intangible assets, net

 

42,026

 

 

43,521

 

Advances and loans, net

 

139,063

 

 

173,657

 

Other assets, non-current

 

25,158

 

 

23,626

 

Total assets

$

812,494

 

$

869,800

 

Liabilities and stockholders’ equity

 

 

 

Current liabilities:

 

 

 

Accounts payable and accrued expenses

$

14,715

 

$

13,737

 

Deferred compensation and commissions

 

42,192

 

 

67,197

 

Operating lease liabilities

 

19,278

 

 

18,522

 

Accrued bonuses and other employee related expenses

 

18,758

 

 

25,485

 

Other liabilities, current

 

18,243

 

 

8,076

 

Total current liabilities

 

113,186

 

 

133,017

 

Deferred compensation and commissions

 

29,793

 

 

33,257

 

Operating lease liabilities

 

59,277

 

 

65,701

 

Other liabilities, non-current

 

7,997

 

 

7,007

 

Total liabilities

 

210,253

 

 

238,982

 

Commitments and contingencies

 

 

 

 

Stockholders’ equity:

 

 

 

Preferred stock, $0.0001 par value:

 

 

 

Authorized shares – 25,000,000; issued and outstanding shares – none at September 30,

 

2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively

 

 

 

Common stock, $0.0001 par value:

 

 

 

Authorized shares – 150,000,000; issued and outstanding shares – 39,061,075

 

and 38,856,790 at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively

 

4

 

4

 

Additional paid-in capital

 

186,778

 

 

173,340

 

Retained earnings

 

415,288

 

 

458,907

 

Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)

 

171

 

 

(1,433

)

Total stockholders’ equity

 

602,241

 

 

630,818

 

Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity

$

812,494

 

$

869,800

 

MARCUS & MILLICHAP, INC.

OTHER INFORMATION

(Unaudited)

Adjusted EBITDA Reconciliation

Adjusted EBITDA, which the Company defines as net income (loss) before (i) interest income and other, including net realized gains (losses) on marketable debt securities, available-for-sale and cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash, (ii) interest expense, (iii) provision (benefit) for income taxes, (iv) depreciation and amortization, and (v) stock-based compensation. The Company uses Adjusted EBITDA in its business operations to evaluate the performance of its business, develop budgets and measure its performance against those budgets, among other things. The Company also believes that analysts and investors use Adjusted EBITDA as a supplemental measure to evaluate its overall operating performance. However, Adjusted EBITDA has material limitations as a supplemental metric and should not be considered in isolation or as a substitute for analysis of the Company’s results as reported under U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“U.S. GAAP”). The Company finds Adjusted EBITDA to be a useful management metric to assist in evaluating performance, because Adjusted EBITDA eliminates items related to capital structure, taxes and non-cash items. Considering the foregoing limitations, the Company does not rely solely on Adjusted EBITDA as a performance measure and also considers its U.S. GAAP results. Adjusted EBITDA is not a measurement of the Company’s financial performance under U.S. GAAP and should not be considered as an alternative to net income (loss), operating income (loss) or any other measures calculated in accordance with U.S. GAAP. Because Adjusted EBITDA is not calculated in the same manner by all companies, it may not be comparable to other similarly titled measures used by other companies.

A reconciliation of the most directly comparable U.S. GAAP financial measure, net loss, to Adjusted EBITDA is as follows (in thousands):

 

Three Months Ended

September 30,

 

Nine Months Ended

September 30,

 

 

2025

 

 

 

2024

 

 

 

2025

 

 

 

2024

 

Net income (loss)

$

240

 

 

$

(5,385

)

 

$

(15,217

)

 

$

(20,910

)

Adjustments:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Interest income and other(1)

 

(3,487

)

 

 

(4,498

)

 

 

(11,898

)

 

 

(13,806

)

Interest expense

 

197

 

 

 

208

 

 

 

584

 

 

 

611

 

Provision (benefit) for income taxes

 

1,230

 

 

 

(967

)

 

 

(979

)

 

 

(3,613

)

Depreciation and amortization

 

2,743

 

 

 

4,550

 

 

 

8,745

 

 

 

11,301

 

Stock-based compensation

 

5,966

 

 

 

6,071

 

 

 

18,368

 

 

 

17,755

 

Adjusted EBITDA

$

6,889

 

 

$

(21

)

 

$

(397

)

 

$

(8,662

)

(1)

Other includes net realized gains (losses) on marketable debt securities, available-for-sale.

Glossary of Terms

  • Private Client Market: transactions with values from $1 million to up to but less than $10 million
  • Middle Market: transactions with values from $10 million to up to but less than $20 million
  • Larger Transaction Market: transactions with values of $20 million and above
  • Acquisitions: acquisition of businesses accounted for as a business combination in accordance with generally accepted accounting standards

 

Contacts